Cosmographia Petri Apiani
A Latin textbook of cosmography and geography by the Ingolstadt mathematician Peter Apian, enlarged with Gemma Frisius's tracts on surveying and the astronomical ring, printed at Antwerp by Johannes Withagius in 1564 for students of astronomy and navigation. The woodcuts are small instructional diagrams: personified sun and moon discs with human faces, hatched and cross-hatched zones marking night and day, compass roses lettered ORIENS and OCCIDENS, gnomon and shadow schemes, and landscape vignettes set in hexagonal and triangular frames.
