Empresas morales
A Spanish emblem book of moral devices by the diplomat Juan de Borja, printed in Brussels by Francisco Foppens in 1680 for readers of courtly conduct literature. Each page pairs a Latin motto on a banner-topped cartouche with a small engraved scene — a bird at a tiled roof, a tree on a hummock, sun and sea, an empty circle — enclosed in strapwork frames of pilasters, urns, finials and pierced ornament that can be lifted as ready-made borders and labels.














































































































































































































































