Iconologia
Cesare Ripa's handbook of allegorical figures, reissued in Perugia in 1764 by Cesare Orlandi with new designs by Carlo Spiridione Mariotti engraved by Carlo Grandi, made for painters, poets and orators needing standard images for abstract ideas. Each small etched plate sets a single standing personification against low horizons, ruins or open landscape, identified by attributes — wings, spear, cornucopia, winged bird, tiny armed statuette — giving designers a reference set of figures with legible emblematic props.
