Iconologia
Cesare Ripa's Iconologia, the standard Italian handbook of allegorical figures first issued in 1593, reprinted at Perugia in 1764 by Piergiovanni Costantini with commentary by Cesare Orlandi, for artists, writers, and designers of emblems and decoration. Each entry pairs a small etched plate of a personified virtue, vice, or abstraction, identified by costume and attribute in an open landscape, with woodcut headpieces of winged genii, laurel branches, herms, and scrolling foliage useful as spot figures and ornament.
