Iconologia del cavaliere Cesare Ripa, perugino
Cesare Orlandi's expanded Italian edition of Cesare Ripa's Iconologia, printed at Perugia by Piergiovanni Costantini in 1764 for artists, writers and scholars needing standard personifications of virtues, vices and abstractions. Small etched plates show single standing female figures in loose drapery holding attributes—birds, chalices, serpents, branches—against bare landscapes with distant towns, plus woodcut headpieces of winged figures and scrollwork.