Joannes de Boria Moralische Sinn-Bilder
A German edition of Juan de Borja's Empresas morales, a Spanish emblem book of moral devices, engraved by Georg Friedrich Scharff and printed in Berlin in 1698 for Protestant readers of emblem literature. The plates are small roundels, wordless devices set in plain landscapes: an axe struck into a smoking tree, a globe ringed by clouds, a cartwheel, a figure sinking offshore — compact circular motifs with open backgrounds for badges and spot art.











































































































