s studs with nuts on the top ; the guards are fastened down to the valve gratings by a stud bolt passing through each guard , having a nut bearing on the top of the guard ; in other cases the stud is formed with a collar to screw up against in the grating , which collar is somewhat deeper than the… … some instances it is advisable to Fig . 322 . — Box Valve Seat with sloping sides , arranged for five Valves for the Air Pumps . place a number of valves in a a , Box with five valves . b b , India - rubber valves . small space ; with this object in cc , Guards . d , Stud for guard . view , as well…
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