Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics (1874)
Pettigrew, James Bell, 1834-1908 · New York : D. Appleton & company · leaf 170
the reciprocating and non-reciprocating action of the wing in such cases is purely amatter of speed. If the travel of the wing is greater than thehorizontal travel of the body, then the figure-of-8 and thereciprocating power of the wing will be more or less perfectlydeveloped, according to… … FIG. 74. FIG. 75. FIGS. 74 and 75 show the more or less perpendicular direction of the stroke of thewing in the flight of the bird (gull)—how the wing is gradually extended as itis elevated (efg of fig. 74)—how it descends as a long lever until it assumesthe position indicated by h of fig. 75—how…
Animal locomotion · Aeronautics
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