Gould, Robert Freke, 1836-1915 · New York : Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Co. · leaf 80
rlovingian dynasty in 768, the French citieswere virtual republics, and that the existence of craftguilds may be dated back to a very remote period. The literature on this subject is of a very extensive The Craft Guilds of France. 63 character, but the generality of French authorities are ofopinion… … RUINS OF THIi PALACE OF NERO, AT ROME. and with the rise of the feudal system the municipalitieslost much of their independence; but in the thirteenthcentury they had recovered most of their privilegesthough obliged to exercise them in strict subordinationto the royal authority. 64 History of…
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