International Correspondence Schools · Scranton, Pa. : The Colliery engineer co. · leaf 293
low the bottom of thepipe to prevent undermining. In alluvial soils, such as aretraversed by many of our western lines, it is frequentlynecessary to carry the parapet walls to a depth of six andeven eight feet to guard against the undermining of theembankment. The parapet walls need not be built… … of pipe culvert is given in Fig. 385. When a single pipe isnot sufficient to pass all the water, two or more pipes areplaced side by side, with concrete well rammed between. RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. 883 1464. Open Water Culverts.—These are generallyof 2 feet span, with walls 2 feet thick, and of not…
Railroad engineering
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