The "indispensable" bicyclist's handbook; a complete cyclopaedia on the subject (1881)
Sturmey, Henry · Coventry, Iliffe and Son · leaf 66
nce from the wheel for about one-fifth of its circumference, and then proceed more or less perpendicularly to the back fork, according to the size of the rear-wheel. In section, backbones are usually made circular; but in some makes are elliptical, thus giving greater strength in the direction… … SIMPSON’S FLUTED BACKBONE.
Bicycles
Internet Archive · Smithsonian Libraries · Public domain (published before 1931). Free to use for anything.