losedsyphons just described, there are S-shaped ones, a fewof which it will be necessary to illustrate. The commonearthenware closet-syphons are drawn at fig. 51 and 53;the former being less compact in shape than the latter.An iron trap of the same construction is given at fig. 54;but, unless… … ment in the shape of an access, with cover situated atthe highest point of the sigmoid, is exhibited at fig. 55.This pattern is intended for more effectually removingobstructions and for the better cleansing of the trap.It is a desideratum, but it is one very difficult to obtainupon an earthenware…