Twentieth century handbook for steam engineers and electricians, with questions and answers; a practical nontechnical treatise on the care and management of steam engines, boilers and electric machinery (1922)
Swingle, Calvin Franklin, 1846- [from old catalog] · Chicago, F. J. Drake & company · leaf 271
aking them almost asgood as new. All tube failures reduce to four classes: (1) Pitting, which causes pin holes to be formed. (2) Defective welds, which cause the tube to open, asin A, Fig. 101. 258 Steam Engineering -<. (3) An initial bagging resulting in a rupture, as in B. (4) Scabbing and… … Fig. 101photographs showing distention of tubes at point of BUPTUEE In the other cases, the tubes become larger than theiroriginal size, hence they cannot be drawn through the tubesheet, water-leg or header, unless they are split and collapsedinch by inch for their entire length beyond the point…
