Uttmark's guide to the United States local inspectors examination for masters and mates of ocean going steam and sailing ships (1919)
Uttmark, Fritz E · [New York] The Author · leaf 51
Fig. 42. the needle points to the righthand side of the true merid-ian. Fig. 42 indicates West Var-iation. Fig. 43 indicates East Var-iation. … Fig. 43. 68.—*What is Deviation of the Compass? The Deviation of the Compass is the angulardifference between the com-pass meridian (the compassNorth and South line) andthe Magnetic Meridian. Itis caused by iron in the con-struction of the ship or inher cargo, also by temporarylocal attraction.
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