Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts (1880)
D. Appleton and Company, Benjamin, Park, 1849-1922 · New York, D. Appleton · leaf 792
rough, and theedges of both heel and sole are trimmed and burnished. In making a turn shoe, the sole isshaped before tacking to the last, on which it is placed with the grain side of the leather, or thatwhich is to form the bottom of the shoe, next the last; the upper, with the stiffening in, is… … toe, the last again put in, and the sole and stiffening hammered into proper form. A team of 3906.
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