Cyclopedia of mechanical engineering; a general reference work. Editor-in-chief Howard Monroe Raymond. Assisted by a corps of mechanical engineers, technical experts, and designers of the highest professional standing (1908)
American School (Chicago, Ill.), Raymond, Howard Monroe · Chicago American Technical Society · leaf 308
f as does cast iron. Theheavy gates and risers must be removed by metal saws (see Fig. 124)or by drilling a number of 1-inch holes side by side through the base 270 FOUNDRY WOllK 117 of the riser uiid then breaking it off. The castings are generally an-nealed before the risers are cut off.… … Fig. 124. Cutting off Riser. This allows the grain to as.sume normal conditions. The heating is usually done with a wood fire. Overheating renders the grain coar.se, and weakens the casting. Proper heat treatment materially increa.ses strength and toughness, as indicated by^the following figures:…
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