A dictionary of architecture and building : biographical, historical, and descriptive (1902)
Sturgis, Russell, 1836-1909 · New York : The Macmillan company · leaf 175
rst, and have always re-tained, their character of isolated, or nearly iso-lated, plain vertical shafts. (See Cani])anile.)Those of the North were, from the first, morecommonly designed us inseparable parts of the•281 BELL TOWER church building. In all, the same conditionsobtained with regard to… … Bell Tower hf Old Cathedral at Zakaqoz.v,Spain, c. l(i.so a.d. Municipal bell towers existed as early as tlioeleventh century, in Italy, and also in the North.They were at first u.sed also as towers of de-fence, as in the case of disorders within thetown. Later, they became ornamental features,288…
Architecture · Architects
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