International Correspondence Schools · Scranton, Pa. : The Colliery engineer co. · leaf 465
rying all the water one way; but where the averagegrade is level, the drainage is effected by making the gradeto ascend from both ends of the cut, uniting them by an easyvertical curve at the middle. Where the cut is short, it is a mistake to break the gradient,but rather depend for drainage upon… … Fig. 508. be given by the engineer, and the excavation made to con-form to those grades. It is the continuous grade whichgives to a ditch its full efficiency. Where the grade is a suc-session of levels and sudden drops, the level places accumu-late mud on account of a sluggish current, and the…
Railroad engineering
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