r to the house. It often happens,however, that this form of an opened-up delivery into the drain is objectionable, as the trap,A, may be situated in a small courtyard, where anexposure of the faeces, even for a moment, might bedangerous; and in this case the soil can be led directinto the drain in… … Water-closet soil-pipes. 61 ture from strict rule, it is necessary for the soil-pipe torun up to the roof outside the closet-trap, as drawn atB B. By this means the drain is thoroughly ventilated.A soil-pipe, indeed, should always be ventilated, evenwhen a disconnecting open trap is used outside;…