Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts (1880)
D. Appleton and Company, Benjamin, Park, 1849-1922 · New York, D. Appleton · leaf 688
CARS. 657 cross-braces, and are usually placed on the top of the cross-braces and support the floor of the car-body. The coupling apparatus consists of a draw-bar, which is usually continuous and attached tothe cross-braces of the frame through the intervention of spiral or elliptic springs. The… … are provided with screws by means of which they can be shortened. Two safety-chains complete thecoupling apparatus. At the extremities of each car are two buffers, which consist of cast-iron cas-ings holding spiral or rubber springs, against which the outside heads of the buffers press. The running…
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