Appleton's dictionary of machines, mechanics, engine-work, and engineering (1861)
Appleton, firm, publishers, New York. (1852, D. Appleton & Co.) · New York : D. Appleton · leaf 710
carfs required for the shut, are made by first upsetting or thickening the iron by blows upon itsextremity, to prepare it for the loss it will sustain from scaling off, both in the fire and upon the anvil,and also in the subsequent working upon the joint. It is next rudely tapered off to the form… … The two extremities are next heated to the point of ignition; and when this is approached, a littlesand is strewed upon each part, which fuses and spreads something like a varnish, and partiallydefends them from the air; the heat is proper when, notwithstanding the sand, the iron begins to burnaway…
Mechanical engineering
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