The practical metal-worker's assistant : containing the arts of working all metals and alloys, forging of iron and steel, hardening and tempering, melting and mixing, casting and founding, works in sheet metal, the processes dependent on the ductility of the metals, soldering, and the most improved processes, and tools employed by metal-workers, with the application of the art of electro-metallurgy to manufacturing processes : collected from original sources, and from the works of Holtzapffel, Bergeron, Leupold, Plumier, Napier, and others ... (1851)
Byrne, Oliver · Philadelphia : H.C. Baird · leaf 208
posing the conversion to be performed with mathematical truth. The first and most important notion to be conveyed in referenceto raising works with the hammer, is the difference between thosewhich may be called opposed, or solid blows, that have the effect ofstretching or thinning the metal; and… … a For example, the hammer in Fig. 199 is directly opposed to theface of the anvil, or meets it face to face, and would be said to givea solid blow; one which would not jar the hand grasping the plate,were the latter ever so thick or rigid: and this blow would thin themetal by its sudden compression…
Metal-work · Electrometallurgy · Metallurgy
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