"The iron founder" supplement. A complete illustrated exposition of the art of casting in iron. Comprising the erection and management of cupolas, reverberatory furnaces, blowers, dams, ladles, etc.; mixing cast iron; founding of chilled car-wheels; malleable iron castings; foundry equipments and appliances; gear moulding machines; moulding machines; burning, chilling, softening; annealing; pouring and feeding; foundry materials; advanced moulding; measurement of castings; wrought iron, steel, etc. Also, the founding of statues; the art of taking casts, pattern modelling; useful formulas and tables (1893)
Bolland, Simpson · New York, J. Wiley & Sons · leaf 212
the amount of shrinkage which would have taken place before the crust was firm enough to sustain itself; the amount of shrinkage would of course be according to the nature of the iron it was cast with. Now if this ball when cold was split in two it would be found that the upper hemisphere would… … roll cast from inferior iron ; the internal shrinkage, unsup¬ ported by any system of feeding, causing the sponginess at the heart and very evident fracture at the neck. Mortars, such as shown at Fig. 113, were formerly cast solid, with a shrink head from A up. The head was after¬ wards turned off,…
Iron founding
Internet Archive · Getty Research Institute · Public domain (published before 1931). Free to use for anything.
