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The manufacture of alum and the sulphates and other salts of alumina and iron; their uses and applications as mordants in dyeing and calico printing, and their other applications in the arts, manufactures, sanitary engineering, agriculture, and horticulture (1901)

Geschwind, Lucien · London : Scott, Greenwood & son; New York : D. Van Nostrand co. [etc., etc.] · leaf 263

An illustration from The manufacture of alum and the sulphates and other salts of alumina and iron; their uses and applications as mordants in dyeing and calico printing, and their other applications in the arts, manufactures, sanitary engineering, agriculture, and horticulture, 1901, leaf 263
AND SULPHATES OF IRON 241 The modus operandi in any case is as follows : — Enough alum is thrown in to cover the mouths of the steam pipes. Steam is then turned on, and more alum is added in proportion as solution progresses. When the vat is full, steam is shut off and the mass is left at rest for… … Fig. 156. — Block mould for alum. Fig. 155. — Apparatus for introducing the alum. Section EF. insoluble matter to settle down. The density of the solution is 40° to 41° Be. in the case of leaden vats heated solely by steam, and 43° to 44° Be. in copper pans with steam and fire heat. 16

Alum · Sulphates · Dyes and dyeing · Chemistry, Technical

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