Building construction and superintendence, by F.E. Kidder ... (1896)
Kidder, Frank E. (Frank Eugene), 1859-1905 · New York, W.T. Comstock · leaf 23
as the sand isconfined on all sides, andthe footings are all on thesame level, no trouble what-ever will be encountered,unless it be in the caving of the banks in making the excavations.Should the cellar be excavated to different levels, however, sufficientretaining walls must be erected where the… … ieldStone. Fig- 3- FO UN DA TIONS ON FIRM SOILS. 14. Loam and Made Land.—No foundation should start onloam (soil containing vegetable matter), or on land that has beenmade or filled in, unless, indeed, the filling consist of clean beachsand, which, when settled with water, may be considered equal…
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